Mitiga International Airport
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Mitiga International Airport مطار معيتيقة الدولي | |||||||||||||||
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| Summary | |||||||||||||||
| Airport type | Joint (Public and military) | ||||||||||||||
| Location | Tripoli, Libya | ||||||||||||||
| Built | 1995 (established as public airport) | ||||||||||||||
| Elevation AMSL | 36 ft / 11 m | ||||||||||||||
| Coordinates | 32°54′N 13°17′E / 32.900°N 13.283°E | ||||||||||||||
| Website | https://www.mitiga-airport.ly, https://www.facebook.com/MCIA.Mitiga?mibextid=ZbWKwL | ||||||||||||||
| Map | |||||||||||||||
  MJI Location within Libya | |||||||||||||||
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| Runways | |||||||||||||||
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Mitiga International Airport (IATA: MJI, ICAO: HLLM) (مطار معيتيقة الدولي) is an airport that serves Tripoli, Libya, located about 8 kilometres (5 miles) east of Tripoli's city centre. Since 2018 it has been the sole international airport serving Tripoli following the closure of Tripoli International Airport after it was severely damaged in the second Libyan civil war.
The airport has a diverse international history and has been known by a variety of names. It was originally built in 1923 as an Italian air force base called aeroporto militare di Mellaha. It became a German air base during World War II. The airbase was captured by the British 8th Army in January 1943 and transferred to the control of the US Army Air Forces, who called it Mellaha AAF until 1945, when they renamed it Wheelus Air Base for a US airman killed that year. American use continued until the 1969 Libyan coup d'état and the subsequent expiration of the lease. When the Americans left, the base was renamed Okba Ben Nafi Air Base (قاعدة عقبة بن نافع الجوية) after the Islamic general who conquered North Africa. It was used by both the Libyan and Soviet air forces. The United States bombed the base in 1986 during Operation El Dorado Canyon. In 1995, the air base was converted to a second civilian airport for Tripoli, and was given its current name.
History
[edit]The airport was originally built in 1923 by the Italian Air Force as Mellaha Air Base (الملاّحة). A motor racing circuit was subsequently built around the airport and Mellaha Lake began hosting the popular Tripoli Grand Prix in 1933.[1]
Mellaha was used by the German Luftwaffe during the North African Campaign,[2] with the Germans using it for short range recon units, as well as coastal and naval recon units. Special weather recon units also existed at Mehalla. The main Luftwaffe unit stationed at the base was the 2nd Staffel of the Aufklärungsgruppe (H) 14 or 2.(H)/14. The squadron was equipped with twelve single-engine Henschel Hs 126, an aircraft with a 2-man crew, which could cover approx 710 km, with a maximum speed of 360 km/h, as well as three Fieseler Fi 156 Storch liaison aircraft, and a Junkers Ju 52 for transport of men and materiel.
The airbase was captured by the British 8th Army in January 1943. The US Army Air Force began using Mellaha as a base in January 1943. It was used by the 376th Bombardment Group (Heavy) of the 12th Air Force for Consolidated B-24 Liberator bomb missions into Italy and southern parts of Germany. In addition, Mellaha Field was used by Air Transport Command. It functioned as a stopover en route to Benina Airport near Benghazi or to Tunis Airport, Tunisia on the North African Cairo-Dakar transport route for cargo, transiting aircraft and personnel.[3]
On 15 April 1945, Mellaha AAF was taken over by USAAF's Air Training Command. It was renamed Wheelus Army Air Field (AAF) on 17 May 1945 in honor of USAAF Lieutenant Richard Wheelus who had died earlier that year in a plane crash in Iran. During the USAFs tenure, the base was extended, demolishing the derelict motor-racing buildings. A 1954 agreement with Libya extended use of the base until 1971, but changing needs led the United States to withdraw completely by 1970, handing the facility over to the new Libyan government that had taken power a year earlier in the 1969 Libyan coup d'état. [4]
Libyan/Soviet use
[edit]After the US Air Force left in 1970, the base was renamed Okba Ben Nafi Air Base (seemingly after the legendary hero Uqba ibn Nafi) and served as a Libyan People's Air Force (LPAF) installation. The base housed the LPAF's headquarters and a large share of its major training facilities. In addition, aircraft and personnel of the Soviet Air Force took up residence at the base.[citation needed]
LPAF Soviet-made MiG-17/19/25 fighters and Tu-22 bombers were based at Okba Ben Nafi Air Base. Of the combat aircraft, the US State Department estimated in 1983 that fifty percent remained in storage, including most of the MiG fighters and Tu-22 bombers.
U.S. bombing raid in 1986
[edit]
The base was a primary target of the 1986 United States bombing of Libya (Operation "El Dorado Canyon"), launched against Libya due to missile attacks on US aircraft and Libyan involvement in terrorist attacks against US servicemen in Europe.[5] At 2 a.m. on 16 April 1986, Okba Ben Nafi AB, various Libyan government buildings, and three alleged Libyan terrorist training camps were bombed by General Dynamics F-111 Aardvarks from the 48th Tactical Fighter Wing, flying from the United Kingdom, to Libya.
The raid included eighteen F-111 fighter-bombers, five General Dynamics–Grumman EF-111A Raven from the 66th Electronic Combat Wing/42nd Electronic Combat Squadron, and carrier-based Navy F-14 Tomcats and A-6E Intruders. The EF-111s formed up with the attack force to provide electronic defense during the attack. One 48 TFW F-111F was lost presumably to a surface-to-air missile or AAA hit. The 48 TFW that bombed the base had practiced for years with F-100s at this very same air base when it was Wheelus Air Base and later at Zaragoza AB Spain with F-4D Phantoms and F-111s for similar missions.
Post–Cold War
[edit]Okba Ben Nafi AB was converted for civilian use and became Mitiga Airport in 1995.[6] The airport also housed the headquarters of Buraq Air.[7]
2011 Libyan civil war
[edit]During the 2011 Libyan civil war, the Times of Malta and The Guardian reported claims that the airport had been taken over by protesters opposed to Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi.[8][9] On 13 March 2011, Ali Atiyya, a colonel of the Libyan Air Force at the airport, defected and joined the anti-Gaddafi forces.[10] On 21 August 2011, rebels launched an assault on Mitiga as part of a bid to battle loyalist forces in Tripoli, sustaining a number of casualties in the process.[11] On 25 October 2011 Google Earth released multispectral imagery from GeoEye taken on 28 August 2011 which showed the airfield as well as the highly capable MiG-25 aircraft with no visible damage. This imagery helped corroborate reporting which suggested that the airfield had been taken over early on by opposition protesters; moreover, NATO and US air forces would have wanted to avoid collateral damage to the opposition movement.[12]
2014 Libyan civil war
[edit]During the 2019–20 Western Libya campaign, the airport, held by military units loyal to the Government of National Accord, was repeatedly targeted with airstrikes from the opposing Libyan National Army[13] in order to enforce a no-fly zone declared by the LNA several days prior.[14] On 8 April 2019, an airport spokesman announced that the airport was forced to close due to airstrikes.[15][16]
TunisAir was the first foreign carrier to resume flights to the airport, in May 2021.[17]
Airlines and destinations
[edit]Passenger
[edit]| Airlines | Destinations |
|---|---|
| Afriqiyah Airways[18] | Alexandria, Amman–Queen Alia, Benghazi, Cairo,[19] Istanbul, Port Sudan,[20] Sfax, Tobruk, Kufra, Tunis Hajj & Umrah: Jeddah |
| Air Libya | Benghazi |
| Berniq Airways | Benghazi, Cairo, Istanbul Hajj & Umrah: Jeddah, Medina |
| Buraq Air | Benghazi |
| Egyptair | Cairo[21] |
| Air Cairo | Cairo[22] |
| Fly Crown | Benghazi, Cairo, Istanbul |
| Fly Oya | Alexandria, Beida, Benghazi, Cairo, Dubai–International, Ghat, Istanbul, Niamey, Sabha, Tobruk Hajj & Umrah: Jeddah, Medina |
| Ghadames Air Transport | Tunis, Istanbul |
| Global Air | Beida, Benghazi, Ghat, Ubari |
| Libyan Airlines | Alexandria, Amman–Queen Alia, Benghazi, Cairo,[23] Istanbul, Niamey, Tunis Hajj& Umrah: Jeddah, Medina |
| Libyan Wings | Benghazi, Istanbul,[24] Sabha, Tunis[24] |
| MedSky Airways | Istanbul, Malta, Rome–Fiumicino, Sabha |
| Royal Jordanian | Amman–Queen Alia[25] |
| Tunisair | Tunis |
| Tunisair Express | Sfax[26] Seasonal: Djerba |
| Turkish Airlines | Istanbul[27] |
| Universal Air | Malta[28] |
Cargo
[edit]| Airlines | Destinations |
|---|---|
| Egyptair Cargo | Cairo, Ostend[29] |
Accidents and incidents
[edit]- On 27 July 1989, Korean Air Flight 803 was a scheduled International passenger service from Seoul, South Korea to Tripoli, Libya with intermediate stops in Bangkok, Thailand and Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. There were a total of 199 occupants. The weather at the time of the crash consisted of heavy fog and visibility was between 100 and 800 feet (30 and 244 m). Nevertheless, in such circumstances, the flight crew decided to continue the approach. On approach to runway 27, the McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30 dropped below the glide path, then at 7:05 (according to other data - 7:30), it crashed into two buildings, broke into three sections, and burst into flames. The crash site was in an orchard 1.5 miles (2.4 km; 1.3 nmi) short of runway 27. 75 people (72 passengers and 3 crew members) died in the crash, in addition to four people on the ground.
- On 22 December 1992 Libyan Arab Airlines Flight 1103 was a Boeing 727-2L5 with 10 crew and 147 passengers on board that collided with a LARAF Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23UB on 22 December 1992. All 157 people on board flight 1103 were killed, while the crew of the MiG-23 ejected and survived. It is the deadliest aviation disaster to occur in Libyan history.
- On 12 May 2010, Afriqiyah Airways Flight 771 going from O.R. Tambo International Airport to Tripoli Mitiga International Airport crashed on approach. The cause is Controlled flight into terrain caused by spatial disorientation, pilot error and lack of crew resource management. Only 1 12year old Dutch boy survived. It is the second deadliest airplane crash in Libyan history. The aircraft was an Airbus A330-202, registration 5A-ONG with approximately 1,600 hours total flying time and about 420 take-off and landing cycles.
- On 23 December 2016, Afriqiyah Airways Flight 209 from Sabha Airport to Mitiga International Airport, operated by an Airbus A320-214, registration 5A-ONB was hijacked and diverted to Malta International Airport.[30]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Liesemeijer, Herman (25 April 2019). "Tripoli - Circuits of the past". www.circuitsofthepast.nl.
- ^ "Italian company to build control tower at Libya's Mitiga airport". 15 December 2020.
- ^ File:Atcroutes-1sep1945.jpg
- ^ "Wheelus Air Base". Atlas Obscura.
- ^ Flashback: The Berlin disco bombing. BBC on 13 November 2001.
- ^ "Here Mittiga base where Gaddafi celebrates 40 years of resistance". Il Foglio. 17 June 2011.
- ^ "Company Profile." Buraq Air. Retrieved 14 May 2010. "The company headquarters are located at Mittiga International Airport in Tripoli – Libya."
- ^ "Fresh reports of Tripoli fighting - air base may have fallen to rebels". Times of Malta. 25 February 2011. Retrieved 25 February 2011.
- ^ "Libya in turmoil - Friday 25 February". The Guardian. 25 February 2011. Retrieved 25 February 2011.
- ^ "BREAKING: Body of Al Jazeera Cameraman Ali Al Jabir arrives in Doha | Libya February 17th – Archive site". archive.libyafeb17.com. Archived from the original on 2013-07-20. Retrieved 2018-08-21.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ Heavens, Andrew, ed. (20 August 2011). "Libyan rebels in fight for Tripoli airbase-activist". Reuters. Archived from the original on September 26, 2012. Retrieved 3 September 2011.
- ^ "After Action Report: Umm Aitiqah Airfield, Libya". OSGEOINT. 28 October 2011.
- ^ عربية-الآن, سكاي نيوز (2019-04-08). "طائرات الجيش الوطني الليبي تشن 3 غارات على مطار معيتيقة وسط طرابلس". @SkyNewsArabia_B (in Arabic). Retrieved 2019-04-08.
- ^ "Haftar forces announce no-fly zone after being targeted by air strike". english.alarabiya.net. 6 April 2019. Retrieved 2019-04-08.
- ^ "Libyan authorities close only functioning Tripoli airport after air strike - official". Ynetnews. 8 April 2019. Retrieved Apr 10, 2019.
- ^ "Tripoli's sole functioning airport bombed by fighter jets". The National. 9 April 2019. Retrieved Apr 10, 2019.
- ^ "TunisAir first foreign carrier to resume Libya flights".
- ^ "Afriqiyah Airways". www.hahnair.com.
- ^ "Afriqiyah Airways resumes Cairo routes". aaco.org. 28 September 2021.
- ^ "Afriqiyah Airways resumes flights from Tripoli to Sudan Airports | the Libya Observer". 15 April 2024.
- ^ "EgyptAir launches Cairo-Tripoli Mitiga service". aaco.org. 10 August 2022.
- ^ "Air Cairo Set to Resume Flights to Libya in December". libyareview.com. 15 December 2024.
- ^ "Libyan Airlines resumes flights to Cairo". aaco.org. 21 September 2021.
- ^ a b libyanwings.ly retrieved 27 January 2021
- ^ {{cite web|url=https://alwasat.ly/news/libya/448611#retrieved 17 September 2024
- ^ "Tunisair Express makes return flight to Tripoli's Mitiga airport". 7 June 2021.
- ^ "TURKISH AIRLINES RESUMES LIBYA SERVICE FROM LATE-MARCH 2024". 2024-03-27.
- ^ "UNIVERSAL AIR RESUMES LIBYA SERVICE FROM LATE-SEPTAMBER 2024". 2024-09-28.
- ^ "Cargo flights return between Tripoli and Ostend".
- ^ "5A-ONB Hijacking description". Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved 23 December 2016.
External links
[edit]
Media related to Mitiga International Airport at Wikimedia Commons
- Accident history for MJI at Aviation Safety Network
- 20th FDW/TFW F-100 photos
- Lady Be Good Official Website
- "Lady Be Good" – National Museum of the United States Air Force
